What are the structural differences between Category 5e and Category 6 network cables

The structural differences between Cat5e UTP and Cat6 UTP mainly lie in the core parts such as the wire core, twist pitch and internal isolation structure.
Core wire specification
Category 5e network cables: The core is typically 24AWG, with a diameter of approximately 0.51mm and a cross-sectional area of about 0.205mm² for the copper core

Category 6 network cables: The core is typically 23AWG, with a diameter of approximately 0.56mm and a cross-sectional area of about 0.258mm² for the copper core. Thicker wire cores can reduce signal transmission attenuation and enhance anti-interference capability at the same time
Wire pair twist pitch

Category 5e network cables: The twist pitch of the 4 pairs of wires is relatively looser, and the twist pitch differences among different pairs are relatively small. This is mainly to meet the basic transmission requirements of 100 megabits / 1 gigabit
Category 6 network cables: The twist distances of the 4 pairs of wires are tighter, and the twist distances of different pairs vary more significantly. Denser and more differentiated pitches can significantly reduce crosstalk between pairs of wires (mutual interference between signals of adjacent pairs of wires)
Internal isolation structure
Category 5e network cables: Most unshielded models do not have additional isolation structures, and the 4 pairs of wires are directly stored in the sheath. Only a few shielding models will add a shielding layer, but they do not have a cross frame
Category 6 network cables: Almost all unshielded Category 6 network cables have a cross-shaped isolation skeleton inside. This skeleton clamps the four pairs of wires in four independent grooves respectively, reducing the mutual interference between the pairs from a physical structure perspective. For partially shielded Category 6 network cables, in addition to the cross frame, a pair shielding layer and a total shielding layer will be added
Sheath and marking
Category 5E network cables: The sheath will be marked with "CAT5e", and the thickness of the sheath is usually thin. The sheath toughness of some common models is average
Category 6 network cables: The sheath will be marked with "CAT6". To accommodate thicker cores and cross-shaped skeletons, the sheath will be thicker and more flexible, providing better protection for the internal structure